Human-сomputer link: engineers create artificial neuron that talks to brain cells

Engineers at the University of Massachusetts Amherst have developed the first artificial neuron capable of directly communicating with living brain cells—using electrical signals similar in voltage and energy to those in the human brain.

Previous artificial neurons consumed much more energy and emitted stronger signals, making natural communication difficult. The new neuron operates at just 0.1 volts, matching biological levels, thanks to protein nanowires grown by bacteria. These nanowires function in wet environments like real neurons.

Unlike older models that used light or artificial means to connect, this approach enables more natural signal transmission. Researchers say the breakthrough could lead to seamless “neuromorphic integration” between biological and electronic systems.

“Our low-voltage neurons could allow wearable sensors to interact with the body without energy-heavy amplification,” said lead engineer Jun Yao.